Lodeiros C, Gutiérrez Gregoric DE, González-Henríquez N, Hernández-Reyes D, Rey-Méndez M, Panta-Vélez RP, Bernal-Zambrano, JJ, Darrigran G, 2025. The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea in Ecuador: dispersion and diversity of occupied environments. Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica 23, 33-43. DOI: 10.32800/amz.2025.23.0033

Table 1. Examples of global distribution of the mollusk Corbicula fluminea, one of the most invasive bivalve species of the 20th century.

Tabla 1. Ejemplos de distribución global del molusco Corbicula fluminea, una de las especies de bivalvos más invasoras del siglo XX.

       
  Continent Country Reference
Native species Asia Korea McMahon (1982)
Southeastern Russia
Southeastern China Lucy et al (2012)
Oceania Australia
  Africa Africa  
Non-native species Asia Japan Yamada et al (2010). Since the early 1980s, C. fluminea has been repeatedly introduced into East Asia via Japan
North America Canada The first specimens of C. fluminea found in North America were recorded as empty valves on Vancouver Island
British Columbia, in 1924 (Counts 1981, McMahon 1982). The low temperature would be a limitation in its dispersions (Simard et al 2012)
United States (Washington 1938-Columbia River) The first collection of C. fluminea in the United States occurred in 1938 in the Columbia River, Washington (Counts 1981). Since this first introduction, it has been found in 38 states (Foster et al 2015), the equivalent of 96% of the United States (López-Altarribra et al 2019)
  Mexico According to López-Altarriba et al (2019) it was first recorded in Baja California and Sinaloa (northwestern states, coast of the Pacific Ocean), in 1970. It was later detected in the northeastern state, Gulf Coast of Mexico, from 1981 until 1984. In 1995, it was recorded in both western states and states in the north-central and eastern states
Europe France First citation in La Dordogne (Mouthon 1981)
Belgium First citation of the genus Corbicula, in 1992 (Swinnen et al 1998)
Germany First citation (Haesloop 1992)
The Netherlands Live C. fluminea were found for the first time in bottom samples taken on 30/09/1988 in the Lek River, near Lekkerkerk (Bij de Vaate and Greijdanus-Klaas 1990)
Portugal First citation in the Tajo River estuary (Mouthon 1981)
Spain River Miño in 1989 (Araujo et al 1993)
Luxembourg In Luxembourg, Corbicula fluminea was first documented by Klaus Groh on 17/06/ 1996 in the Moselle River in the municipality of Remich (MNHNL 2000, Ries and Pfeiffenschneider 2023)
Austria It was found in 1997, in a backwater of the Danube River near Bad Deutsch Altenburg (Lower Austria). It is the first discovery of this species in Austria (Fischer and Schultz 1999)
Italy First citation in 1998 in some sections of the Po River and the River Brenta (Ciutti and Cappelletti 2009)
Czeck Republic First citation in the Czech Republic in 1999 (Beran 2000). In total, 8 specimens were found in four localities on the Elbe River in northern Bohemia
Hungary It was detected in Hungary in June 1999. From the Danube as the possible reason for their colonization (Csányi 1999)
Switzerland (Fabbri and Landi 1999)
United Kingdom In 1997 (Aldridge and Muller 2001)
Romania First citation, River Danube, in 1999 in the vicinity of Vadu Oii River (km 238) (Bij de Vaate and Hulea 2000)
Slovakia In 2002, shells and one living adult of Corbicula fluminea were found on the three localities of Danube river and its surroundings, SW and S Slovakia (Vrabec et al 2003)
Poland In October 2003, the bivalve was recorded for the first time in Poland. Its first Polish site is the hot water channel of the Dolna Odra power plant in Western Pomerania (Domagata et al 2004)
Serbia Two species recently introduced into Serbian waters, morphotypes of the Asian clam: Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) and C. fluminalis (Müller, 1774) (Paunović et al 2007)
Republic of Moldavia First time in the Republic of Moldova (Prut River Basin, November 2009). Perhaps this invasive species entered the Prut River basin from Romanian or Ukrainian territories, where it was previously recorded. (Manjiu and Shubernetski 2010)
  Ireland First detection (Sweeney 2010)
South America Argentina Ituarte (1981), in the Río de la Plata (first event for South America). The southernmost event on the continent is in Argentine Patagonia (43°18’29.01” S 65°03’47.11” W) (Pérez et al 2022)
Brasil Veitenheimer-Mendes (1981), first citation in Brazil. In 2001, Beasley et al (2003) estimated the arrival of C. fluminea between 1997 and 1998 in the lower Brazilian Amazon basin, where individuals were found in parts of the Amazon and Tocantins rivers
Uruguay Veitenheimer-Mendes and Olazarri (1983)
Colombia In 1992, on Salamanca Island constitutes the first record of the species and genus in Colombia (De La Hoz Aristizábal 2008)
Ecuador In 1999 on Pastaza River, Consuelo (Lee et al 2005)
In 2000 (Crespo et al 2015)
It was concluded that the Guayas estuary most likely corresponds to the introduction of C. fluminea in Ecuador. It also exists in the provinces of Manabí and Esmeralda (Lodeiros and Torres 2018). Its occurrence in the upper Amazon basin is attributed to a human-mediated introduction linked to the commercial use of the clam (Conde and Solís-Coello 2017)
Venezuela Martínez (1987)
Peru In 2017,  first citation in River Mala (Lima) (Torres-Zevallos 2018)
Bolivia Rico (2009)